The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide, with about 4 billion doses administered over the past 100 years.
However, BCG is a biologic drug that uses benign bacteria, which makes it more complicated to manufacture than other drugs. This production limitation has led to decades-long vaccine shortages.
It has also been found to offer limited protection against diseases such as tuberculosis, an expanding health risk.
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