Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), affected an estimated 69,000 individuals in 2024.
Although JE is vaccine-preventable, it remains endemic in 24 countries and territories across Asia and Oceania, where it has a mortality rate of about 20%.
Since its identification in Japan in 1871, the transmission cycle of JEV has involved pigs and birds as amplifying hosts and mosquitoes as vectors.
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