An unusual surge in the number of toxigenic diphtheria infections was noted in several European countries in the summer of 2022.
According to research published by the New England Journal of Medicine on June 4, 2025, a total of 20 cases of diphtheria were reported across six European countries from January to July 31, 2022.
After July, there was a steep increase in case numbers, with 38 cases reported in August, 74 in September, and 115 in October, before the number plateaued at 116 cases across 10 countries in November 2022.
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